Song: Najeek – Bartika Eam Rai

INTRODUCTION

It is no big secret that I love Bartika Eam Rai, so I decided to look into one of her more popular songs, and one that I absolutely love, titled Najeek. नजिक (najik) in Nepali means “close”. The song describes the uncertainty of developing feelings for someone, because as easy as they form, they go away just as easily.

As usual, I’ve tried translating the text literally (after all, it is an educative interpretation and not an aritistic one), so I have attached an analysis of the lyrics as well. Square brackets [] indicate where English would use a different word, if applicable, while round brackets () indicate where English would use additional words to form a coherent sentence. You can also listen to the story of the song in a small exercise by clicking here (YouTube).

LINKS

YouTube – link
Spotify – link

VOCABULARY

सागर (sāgar) = Sea
बेकम्फुसे (bekamphuse) = Foolish [Dialectal form of बकम्फुसे (bakamphuse)]
गफ (gaph) = Talk [usually understood more as gossip]
डर (ḍar) = Fear
भावना (bhāwanā) = Feeling
शिथिल (śithil) = Exhausted
रुखो (rukho) = Indifferent; Apathetic
साल (sāl) = Year
नजुधाऊ (najudhāū) = Don’t connect, conjugated from the verb जुधाउनु (judhāunu), which means “to make contact”
आत्मा (ātmā) = Soul 
थाम्ने (thāmne) = Support (adj.), conjugated from the verb थाम्नु (thāmnu), which means “to support”
कसम (kasam) = Promise
छाया (chāya) = Shadow
जिम्मा (jimmā) = Responsibility
छाडिहिड्ँने (chāḍihiḍm̐ne) = Leave (adj.), conjugated from the verb छाडिहिड्ँनु (chāḍihiḍm̐nu), which means “to leave”
बाचा (bācā) = Oath; Word
सुरुसुरुमा (surusuru-mā) = In (the) beginning [litetrally, in (the) start start]
रित (rit) = Custom
अल्झाउने (aljhāune) = Entangle, conjugated from the verb अल्झाउनु (aljhāunu), which means “to entangle; to make sth. trip”
कास (kās) = Perhaps
राजै (rājai) = Dear [form of adressing someone]
मौसम (mausam) = Weather
बेग्लै (beglai) = Different [emphasized form of बेग्लो (beglo)]

TEXT

रात धेरै पर्यो, धेरै धेरै (rāt(a) dherai paryo, dherai dherai)
मायाका कुरा नगरन, ऐ (māyā-kā kurā nagarana, ai)
भोलिबारे केही थाहा नभइ,  (bholi-bāre kehī thāhā nabhai)
जीवनभरिका दिनहरू मेरै नाम नगरन, ऐ (jīwan-bhari-kā din(a)-harū merai nām nagarana, ai)
सागरमा होस् कि आकाशमा जहीँकहीँ मैसँग डुल्ने (sāgar(a)-mā hos ki ākāś(a)-mā jahīm̐-kahīm̐ mai-sam̐ga ḍulne)
मेरा आँखा नै सबैभन्दा राम्रा भए जस्तो (merā ām̐khā nai sabai-bhandā rāmrā bhae jasto)
बेकम्फुसे गफ नगर न, ऐ (bekamphuse gaph nagara na, ai)

नजिक नआऊ, डर लाग्दैछ (najik naāū, ḍar(a) lāgdaicha)
आफ्नै भावनाहरूसँग (āphnai bhāwanā-harū-sam̐ga)
शिथिल छ मुटु, रुखो बनाएको छु (śithil cha muṭu, rukho banāeko chu)
धेरै धेरै साल लगाइ (dherai dherai sāl lagāi)
नजुधाऊ आँखाहरू (najudhāū ām̐khā-harū)
भावना बन्न कत्ति नि समय लाग्दैन (bhāwanā banna katti ni samaya lāgdaina)
किन सोध्छौ किन यति डर ? (kina sodhchau kina yati ḍara)
थाहा छैन र, भावना हराउन पनि (thāhā chaina ra, bhāwanā harāuna pani)
कत्ति नि समय लाग्दैन ? (katti ni samaya lāgdaina)

तिम्रो आत्मा थाम्ने कसम कसरी दिऊँ म जब (timro ātmā thāmne kasam kasarī diūm̐ ma jaba)
आफ्नै आत्मालाई चिनेको छुइन ? (āphnai ātmā-lāī cineko chuina)
आफ्नै छायासँग भागी दौडदैछु म, भन (āphnai chāyā-sam̐ga bhāgī dauḍadaichu ma, bhana)
तिम्रो छायाको जिम्मा कसरी लिनु म ? (timro chāyā-ko jimmā kasarī linu ma)
संसार छाडिहिड्ँने बाचा नदेउन (saṃsār chāḍihiḍm̐ne bācā nadeuna)
सुरुसुरुमा त यस्तै त हो नि (surusuru-mā ta yastai ta ho ni)
जीन्दगानीको रितहरूले (jīndagānī-ko rit(a)-harū-le)
यसै उसै हामीलाई अल्झाउने नै हो (yasai usai hāmī-lāī aljhāune nai ho)

कास हाम्रो भेट केही (kās hāmro bheṭa kehī)
सालअगाडि हुन्थ्यो (sāl-agāḍi hunthyo)
या कास हाम्रो भेट केही (yā kās hāmro bheṭ kehī)
सालपछाडि हुन्थ्यो (sāl(a)-pachāḍi hunthyo)
समय सही हुन्थ्यो (samaya sahī hunthyo)
राजै, मौसम बेग्लै हुन्थ्यो (rājai, mausam beglai hunthyo)
तर आज हैन, नजिक नआऊ न (tara āja haina, najika naāū na)

नजिक नआऊ, डर लाग्दैछ (najik naāū, ḍar(a) lāgdaicha)
आफ्नै भावनाहरूसँग (āphnai bhāwanā-harū-sam̐ga)
शिथिल छ मुटु, रुखो बनाएको छु (śithil cha muṭu, rukho banāeko chu)
धेरै धेरै साल लगाइ (dherai dherai sāl lagāi)
नजुधाऊ आँखाहरू (najudhāū ām̐khā-harū)
भावना बन्न कत्ति नि समय लाग्दैन (bhāwanā banna katti ni samaya lāgdaina)
किन सोध्छौ किन यति डर ? (kina sodhchau kina yati ḍara)
थाहा छैन र, भावना हराउन पनि (thāhā chaina ra, bhāwanā harāuna pani)
कत्ति नि समय लाग्दैन ? (katti ni samaya lāgdaina)

TRANSLATION

रात धेरै पर्यो, धेरै धेरै (rāt(a) dherai paryo, dherai dherai)
मायाका कुरा नगरन, ऐ (māyā-kā kurā nagarana, ai)
= Night fell a lot, a lot a lot,
Don’t do talks of love, ay

भोलिबारे केही थाहा नभइ,  (bholi-bāre kehī thāhā nabhai)
जीवनभरिका दिनहरू मेरै नाम नगरन, ऐ (jīwan-bhari-kādin(a)-harū merai nām nagarana, ai)
= Without knowing anything about tomorrow,
(Don’t) do [keep] all of (the) life’s days (in) my name, ay

सागरमा होस् कि आकाशमा जहीँकहीँ मैसँग डुल्ने (sāgar(a)-mā hos ki ākāś(a)-mā jahīm̐-kahīm̐ mai-sam̐ga ḍulne)
मेरा आँखा नै सबैभन्दा राम्रा भए जस्तो (merā ām̐khā nai sabai-bhandā rāmrā bhae jasto)
= In (the) sea(s) or (the) skies (these that) travel with me everywhere*
As if my eyes were the best

बेकम्फुसे गफ नगर न, ऐ (bekamphuse gaph nagara na, ai)
= Don’t do nonsensical talk, ay

नजिक नआऊ, डर लाग्दैछ (najik naāū, ḍar(a) lāgdaicha)
आफ्नै भावनाहरूसँग (āphnai bhāwanā-harū-sam̐ga)
= Don’t come close®, (I’m) feeling fear
With [of] my own feelings

शिथिल छ मुटु, रुखो बनाएको छु (śithil cha muṭu, rukho banāeko chu)
धेरै धेरै साल लगाइ (dherai dherai sāl lagāi)
= Exhausted is (my) heart, (I) have made (it) indifferent
Taking many, many years (for it to be done)

नजुधाऊ आँखाहरू (najudhāū ām̐khā-harū)
भावना बन्न कत्ति नि समय लाग्दैन (bhāwanā banna katti ni samaya lāgdaina)
= Don’t connect eyes
(It does) not take much time for feelings to develop

किन सोध्छौ किन यति डर ? (kina sodhchau kina yati ḍara)
थाहा छैन र, भावना हराउन पनि (thāhā chaina ra, bhāwanā harāuna pani)
= Why (do you) ask (me) why (are you) this fear?
Don’t (you) know, for feeling(s) to disappear also

कत्ति नि समय लाग्दैन ? (katti ni samaya lāgdaina)
= (Does) not take much time?

तिम्रो आत्मा थाम्ने कसम कसरी दिऊँ म जब (timro ātmā thāmne kasam kasarī diūm̐ ma jaba)
आफ्नै आत्मालाई चिनेको छुइन ? (āphnai ātmā-lāī cineko chuina)
= How (may) I give (the) promise of supporting your soul when
(I) have not recognized (my) own soul?

आफ्नै छायासँग भागी दौडदैछु म, भन (āphnai chāyā-sam̐ga bhāgī dauḍadaichu ma, bhana)
तिम्रो छायाको जिम्मा कसरी लिनु म ? (timro chāyā-ko jimmā kasarī linu ma)
= I am running away with [from] (my) own shadow, tell (me)
How (may) I take responsibility of your shadow?

संसार छाडिहिड्ँने बाचा नदेउन (saṃsār chāḍihiḍm̐ne bācā nadeuna)
सुरुसुरुमा त यस्तै त हो नि (surusuru-mā ta yastai ta ho ni)
= (Do) not give oath (of) leaving (the) world
(It) is like this in (the) beginning

जीन्दगानीको रितहरूले (jīndagānī-ko rit(a)-harū-le)
यसै उसै हामीलाई अल्झाउने नै हो (yasai usai hāmī-lāī aljhāune nai ho)
= Life’s customs
Just like that entangles us (so easily)

कास हाम्रो भेट केही (kās hāmro bheṭa kehī)
सालअगाडि हुन्थ्यो (sāl-agāḍi hunthyo)
= Perhaps our meeting some
Years ago would have happened**

या कास हाम्रो भेट केही (yā kās hāmro bheṭ kehī)
सालपछाडि हुन्थ्यो (sāl(a)-pachāḍi hunthyo)
= Or perhaps our meeting some
Years later would have happened

समय सही हुन्थ्यो (samaya sahī hunthyo)
राजै, मौसम बेग्लै हुन्थ्यो (rājai, mausam beglai hunthyo)
= (The) time would have been right
Dear, (the) weather would have been different

तर आज हैन, नजिक नआऊ न (tara āja haina, najika naāū na)
= But not today, don’t come closer

[chorus]

NOTES

“(these that)” is a filler, due to the way Nepali is structured, the subject is left open to interpretation (could mean either the subject, or from the second line, her eyes)
** The structure causes the inversion of the verb, so it should ideally be “Perhaps our meeting would have happened years ago” and so on

ANALYSIS

It is important to note the subject of the song, who is ready to accept that fact that they are in love with the singer, and the singer’s emotions which conflict between accepting that love. Initially, the singer expresses gentle reminding that although she knows the love the subject has for her is genuine, they should remember that it may not last forever. Thus, it is quite foolish to name every day after her, or say that her eyes are “the prettiest” of them all.

The chorus explains the reasons for the singer’s hesitation: she is afraid of her own feelings, because as easily as feelings develop, they also go away just as easily. So, in order to prevent the likely outcome of a heartbreak, the singer has hardened her heart, so she remains stoic to other outcomes. Thus, the singer requests them to not come any more “close”.

She further elaborates on her unwillingness to return their love, by stating she does not really understand what she wants for now. She reminds the other party that in the beginning, it is just like this, that life is after all unfair. She also states that if they had met some time later, or before, that things would have perhaps been different enough and they could have shared feelings without hesitation. However, right now is just not the right time.

EXERCISES

1. In the line तिम्रो आत्मा थाम्ने कसम कसरी दिऊँ म जब (timro ātmā thāmne kasam kasarī diūm̐ ma jaba), how is the verb conjugated and what is the significance?
2. What is the function of reduplication of धेरै (dherai) to form धेरै धेरै (dherai dherai)?
3. What is the purpose of ऐ (ai)?
4. Find the antonym for: नजिक (najik)
5. How do the particles in the line सुरुसुरुमा त यस्तै त हो नि (surusuru-mā ta yastai ta ho ni) modify the particle-less expression सुरुसुरुमा यस्तै हो (surusuru-mā yastai ho)?
6. What is the compound verb छाडिहिड्ँने (chāḍihiḍm̐ne) composed of? How does the intended meaning change compared to the base meanings? What would the meaning be if हिड्ँने (hiḍm̐ne) was replaced by दिने (dine)?

ANSWERS (illustrative purposes only)

1. Optative mood, indicates a wish or a hope, which indicates a certain willingness on the singer, but is immediately followed by a contrast
2. Indicates an abstract concept of abundance, or a larger-than-large amount
3. Imperative word used to reason with or reprimand someone. Here, it is used to gently reason in an objective fashion to the subject (who is likely not grounded in reality yet)
4. टाढो (ṭāḍho)
5. त (ta) emphasizes the word before it, much like how stressing certain words change the meaning in English. नि (ni) adresses the subject to subtly emphatize with their statement by softening the statement.
6. छाड्नु (chāḍnu) + हिड्ँनु (hiḍm̐nu). छाड्नु (chāḍnu) means “to leave sth.” while हिड्ँनु (hiḍm̐nu) means “to walk”, but together, they mean “to leave sth. and go away”. If दिने (dine) was used instead, it would imply a stronger action of leaving, perhaps even leave the world (i.e. die). हिड्ँनु (hiḍm̐nu) negates this by implying an action of leaving, but you are still existing somewhere, walking aimlessly.

Song: Holaa – Bartika Eam Rai

INTRODUCTION

As a short lesson on improving your vocabulary and introducing you to the wonderful world of Nepali music, I shall be focusing on a song today that is short but full of powerful words. The song is titled होला (holā) by Bartika Eam Rai.

I’ve tried translating the text literally, so I have attached an analysis of the lyrics as well.

LINKS

Youtube – link
Spotify – link

VOCABULARY

शायद (śāyad) = Perhaps
अघि बढ्नु (aghi baḍhnu) = To move forward
झुटो (jhuṭo) = Lie
आखिर (ākhir) = After all; Ultimately
प्रष्ट (praṣṭa) = Clear (as in, concise); Fluent
देह (deha) = (archaic) Body
वास्तविकता (vāstaviktā) = Reality
अपरिचित (aparicit) = Unfamiliar
खोक्रो (khokro) = Empty; Hollow
काल (kāl) = (here) 1. Epoch | 2. Death
धुम्मिनु (dhumminu) = To fog up
बतासिनु (batāsinu) = To fly along (with the wind)
विधाता (vidhātā) = (here) 1. Fate | 2. Creator | 3. Manager
झरी (jharī) = Rain
बन्नु (bannu) = (here) 1. To turn into (something) | 2. To be created
झमझम (jhamjham) = (here) 1. Onomatopoeia for rain falling | (slang) 2. Onomatopoeia for feeling intoxicated
छमछम (chamcham) = Onomatopoeia for the sound a ghungroo (a musical anklet) makes from its small metallic bells
बिलाउनु (bilāunu) = To melt
आतिनु (ātinu) = To panic
जाबो (jābo) = Insignificant; Trivial
भएभरको (bhaebhar-ko) = All of (something)
होला (holā) = Maybe
दोष (doṣ) = Fault; Blame
सारा (sārā) = All (of)
अधिकार (adhikār) = Authority; Jurisdiction

TEXT

शायद कथा यसरी नै अघि बढ्दो हो (śāyad kathā yasarī nai aghi baḍhdo ho)
तर मनलाई कसरी झुटो बोल्छौ? (tara man(a)-lāī kasarī jhuṭo bolchau)
आँखामा त आखिर देखिन्छन् प्रष्ट (ām̐khā-mā ta ākhir dekhinchan praṣṭa)
देहमुनिको तिम्रा सारा वास्तविकता (deha-muni-ko timrā sārā vāstaviktā)
अपरिचित छायाहरू बगेका छन् (aparicit chāyā-harū bagekā chan)
तिमी पहिला हुने ठाउँमा (timī pahilā hune ṭhāum̐-mā)
खोक्रा कालहरू धुम्मिएर (khokrā kāl(a)-harū dhummiera)
बतासिँदै छन् हाम्रो विधाता (batāsim̐dai chan hāmro vidhātā)

हो फेरी तिम्रै सम्झना आयो (ho pherī timrai samjhanā āyo)
त्यही दिनहरू झरी बनी (tyahī din(a)-harū jharī banī)
बर्सदै छन् झमझम छमछम (barsadai chan jhamjham chamcham)
तर बिस्तारै बिलाउँदै छन् (tara bistārai bilāum̐dai chan)
सम्झनाहरू कहाँ, कहाँ? (samjhanā-harū kahām̐, kahām̐)
खुशी हुन्छु सोचेथेँ, तर किन हो? (khuśī hunchu socethem̐, tara kina ho)
आतिन्दै छ जाबो मुटु (ātindai cha jābo muṭu
आफैले आफैलाई भन्छ, (āphaile āphailāī bhancha)
“ए मुटु! बिर्सिदे न, भएभरका उसका सम्झना”(e muṭu! birside na, bhaebhar-kā uskā samjhanā)

होला, शायद केही थियो, होला (holā, śāyad kehī thiyo, holā)
त्यो झरीको के दोष? (tyo jharīko ke doṣ)
समय मात्र नि हैन (samaya mātra ni haina)
होला, शायद केही थियो, होला (holā, śāyad kehī thiyo, holā)
मेरा सारा शब्दहरूमा त (merā sārā śabda-harū-mā ta)
तिम्रै थिए अधिकार (timrai thie adhikār)
मात्र भएनौ कहिले तिमी मेरो (mātra bhaenau kahile timī mero)

TRANSLATION

शायद कथा यसरी नै अघि बढ्दो हो (śāyad kathā yasarī nai aghi baḍhdo ho)
तर मनलाई कसरी झुटो बोल्छौ? (tara man(a)-lāī kasarī jhuṭo bolchau
= Perhaps the story moves forward like this,
But how can (you) speak lies to (the) heart?

आँखामा त आखिर देखिन्छन् प्रष्ट (ām̐khā-mā ta ākhir dekhinchan praṣṭa)
देहमुनिको तिम्रा सारा वास्तविकता (deha-muni-ko timrā sārā vāstaviktā)
= In your eyes after all can (it) be seen clearly
(The) entire reality under your body

अपरिचित छायाहरू बगेका छन् (aparicit chāyā-harū bagekā chan)
तिमी पहिला हुने ठाउँमा (timī pahilā hune ṭhāum̐-mā)
= Unfamiliar shadows have flown [like a river],
At the place (where) you were first

खोक्रा कालहरू धुम्मिएर (khokrā kāl(a)-harū dhummiera)
बतासिँदै छन् हाम्रो विधाता (batāsim̐dai chanhāmro vidhātā)
= Empty epochs fog up (and)
Our fate(s) are flying along (with the wind)

हो फेरी तिम्रै सम्झना आयो (ho pherī timrai samjhanā āyo)
त्यही दिनहरू झरी बनी (tyahī din(a)-harū jharī banī)
= Yes, your memory came again
By turning into rain, those (same) days 

बर्सदै छन् झमझम छमछम (barsadai chan jhamjham chamcham)
तर बिस्तारै बिलाउँदै छन् (tara bistārai bilāum̐dai chan)
= Are raining down, pitter patter
But slowly (it) is melting

सम्झनाहरू कहाँ, कहाँ? (samjhanā-harū kahām̐, kahām̐)
खुशी हुन्छु सोचेथेँ, तर किन हो? (khuśī hunchu socethem̐, tara kina ho)
= (The) memories, (but) where, where?
I thought I’ll be happy, but why is it?

आतिन्दै छ जाबो मुटु (ātindai cha jābo muṭu)
आफैले आफैलाई भन्छ, (āphaile āphailāī bhancha)
“ए मुटु! बिर्सिदे न, भएभरका उसका सम्झना”(e muṭu! birside na, bhaebhar-kā uskā samjhanā)
= This insignificant heart is panicking,
It says to itself,
“Oh heart! Please forget, all of his memories” 

होला, शायद केही थियो, होला (holā, śāyad kehī thiyo, holā)
त्यो झरीको के दोष? (tyo jharīko ke doṣ)
= Maybe, perhaps it was something, maybe
What fault of that rain?

समय मात्र नि हैन (samaya mātra ni haina)
(…)
मेरा सारा शब्दहरूमा त (merā sārā śabda-harū-mā ta)
=  It is not only (the) time 
(…)
In (the) entirety of my words, after all

तिम्रै थिए अधिकार (timrai thie adhikār)
मात्र भएनौ कहिले तिमी मेरो (mātra bhaenau kahile timī mero)
= You had the jurisdiction,
Only (that) you never became mine

ANALYSIS

The song basically laments the loss of a budding relationship. The song is built upon the word “maybe”, which serves as the focal point upon which the singer focuses on various aspects such as missed opportunities and what-if’s. The singer contemplates if her life story simply moves forward, but asks the other person if this is what they truly want. After all, the reality of their desires can be clearly seen in their eyes. 

Time and again, the uncertainty flows by, which is represented by the “unfamiliar” shadows flowing past, which is likely insecurities and fears they hold. Although the other person gave much priority before, now much time has passed, letting their fates just evaporate with the wind. The singer affirms that their memories come again and again, and they come as if they were rain falling on her, akin to nostalgia. However, she also says that the memories are slowly fading away, and she does not where it is fading to. 

She though that she’ll end up happy, but deep inside, she’s worried. Her heart begs itself to forget all of the memories. She wonders if it truly was something, and decides that the blame did not lay on the days she spent with them. Although she had her heart for them, she laments that ultimately, she could not call them her’s.

EXERCISES

1. In the line बर्सदै छन् झमझम छमछम (barsadai chan jhamjham chamcham), what is the significance of the second onomatopoeia (chamcham) used?
2. Although the root adjective is खोक्रो (khokro), why does it appear as खोक्रा (khokrā) in the song?
3. Why is it  तिम्रै थिए अधिकार (timrai thie adhikār) and not  तिम्रै थियौ अधिकार (timrai thiyau adhikār)
4. Find two synonyms for: झरी (jharī)
5. What is the significance of न (na) in बिर्सिदे न (birside na)? What form is the verb (birside) in?

ANSWERS (illustrative purposes only)

1. The sound of the metallic bells of the anklet is likened to the sound rain makes when it falls
2. Plural declension
3. The verb is declining for अधिकार (adhikār), which is in third person, however it is declined in plural to show some level of respect
4. पानी (pānī), वर्षा (varṣā
5. Softens the tone of the imperative (command). The verb is in imperative and conjugated for 2nd person (low respect)

Guffgaff: Momo

INTRODUCTION

They resemble little pieces of the Moon. They taste like the heavens itself. It’s perfection wrapped in muchheko maida (dough of white flour). Offer it and no one can refuse it; the de facto national food of Nepal, मम: (ideally ‘mamah’ but is written more as ‘momo’) has been warming the hearts, souls and obviously the tummies of millions of Nepalis worldwide. 

What is momo? I can hear thousands of people *gasp* as I say that. No Nepali blog can be complete without momo! However, those who have not been acquainted much with the Nepali culture cannot be blamed. Momo is a type of dumpling, much like the Japanese Gyoza or perhaps the Chinese Jiaozi

image

Round type Momo

The Nepali diaspora has such an affair with momo that I believe there are quite the variety of words. Now, I shall dive into the details of the momo. Physically speaking, it has two primary forms: crescent-shape and round-shape. Aesthetically speaking, I prefer the crescent-shaped momo. It is white in colour due to the white flour dough used to make the cover (खोल /khol/).

   .

PREPARING THE INGREDIENTS 

Just like how we cannot describe a person from the outside, we cannot simply know what momo is without knowing the inside. Inside the pouch there is a filling. The filling is usually of meat like Chicken, Buff (buffalo meat), Pork etc. but it is not uncommon to hear vegetarian varieties (like cabbage and paneer?). However you can fill any material you like as long as you cook it thoroughly (I guess goat meat is an exception). 

Despite what you think, making momo isn’t easy!!!

The filling is not simply meat or some vegetable. It contains the following base ingredients, roughly:

  • Minced Meat/Vegetable of choice
  • Diced Onion 
  • Salt
  • Coriander
  • Ginger
  • Monosodium Glutamate (popularly called ‘Ajinomoto’ here)
  • Oil (if the meat/vegetable is dry…e.g. chicken)

Some people (especially in the Kathmandu valley) add ‘Momo masala’ to the above filling. Some people even add tomatoes and god-knows-what ingredients. The masala is in fact even an ice-breaker; some people swear by it, some people swear at it. Personally, I prefer the much simpler-and-superior tasting non-momo masala version. However, it is upto one’s personal preference! 

Dicing the onion by itself is a mammoth task. Just imagine; one onion is enough to wreck havoc with your eyes. Now imagine having to cut a minimum of 5-6 onions into tiny dices! Yes, the onion has to be small dices; it provides the texture and flavour to the momo. Unfortunately within my family, I am that unfortunate dicer. You do not know how creative people can be with this thing. Whether it be freezing the onions, cutting it underwater, using swimming goggles, fans etc. people have their own ways to tackle such a literally eye-watering task.

image

Dicing onion

Another back-breaking task is mincing the meat. While not as malicious as the onions, you need to mince the meat with a cleaving knife fine enough for a good texture (but not so fine that it tastes like eating powdered filling). It is an art by itself. Fortunately, you can buy already minced meat at supermarkets or the local butcher can do it for you. Vegetarians need not glee at this point because you need to chop the vegetables down as well. 

Now you roll the dough! Not really, we still have the white flour sitting in some tokri (container). So you get some water and knead the flour until you get the dough. If it ‘needs’ more water, you ‘knead’ the dough by adding more water. Anyway, after you are done with the dough (hold the yeast!), you now begin your tedious journey to momo salvation.

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MAKING THE MOMO

The first step in making the momo is ensuring you are a Ph.D in the art of Origami folding. The next step is making sure you have at least a degree in getting the shape right, with a minor in filling the adequate amount of filing. 

Well you actually don’t need the above to make momo at least. However, making momo is a terrific skill. I still can’t make those annoying muja (folds) right. Before that, you need to set the dough into a round shape. You chop the dough into lumps that are about the size of half of an average walnut. Next, you roll them with a belan (rolling pin) into neat circular shapes. 

If you are lazy, then you simply flatten the dough into a long rectangular sheets and then use a cup (or something circular) to cut neat circular shapes. If you are even lazier, then you can buy pre-made ones. If you are lazy beyond this point then just buy frozen momos or order them from somewhere.

image

Filling the momo

Now that you have the wrapper, you fill it with the filling by placing it in the centre of the wrapper. Now you begin wrapping it to form a neat shape. You finally close it and then you have one momo! Repeat till you get a sizable amount. Arrange the momo on the मक्टु (maktu) and take it to the steamer. मक्टु (maktu) is the sub-component of the steamer [creatively called ‘momo ko bhada’ (untensil of momo)]. 

  .

COOKING THE MOMO (AND ACHAR)

You must first ensure that steam is actually coming out of the steamer. Now that you have kept the momo in the steamer, you now patiently wait for 15-25 minutes for the momo to cook. Harder meats like buff take longer time to cook, while softer meats like chicken cook in ~18 minutes. Care must be taken to avoid over-cooking it. If you overcook momo, it becomes ‘fyaatta’ (deformed due to overcooking). 

image

Momo in a maktu; notice the crescent-shaped momo and the arrangement

To ensure even cooking throughout the maktus, you have to periodically shift them up and down to ensure even cooking. There is a little trick that tells you if the momo is cooked or not; if it is shiny, then it is cooked. If it is still matte, then you need to cook it more. If it looks like a mini atom bomb went off inside each momo, then you probably overcooked it.

Now that your momo is cooking, you make the achar (pickle) for dipping. One faux pas in eating momo is using ketchup as your momo ko achar (pickle for momo) . Please never use ketchup, I swear that’s an unwritten taboo.  

You momo ko achar is usually made of tomato, coriander leaves, salt and chilli. However, you can also find the yellow one (made of peanuts), fierce red (made of chilli and salt only) or dips made of many other ingredients (like Szechuan pepper for instance).

Now that everything is done, you can enjoy you momo in peace! 

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THE VARIETIES OF MOMO

What I have described above is the basis of all the other varieties of momos. People have experimented with lots and lots of varieties (naturally). Some of the common ones are:

  • कोथे (kothe) = Pan-fried steamed momo, such that only portions of it is brown. Kothe momo is usually made from the leftover momo that has stood in the fridge for some time.
  • Fried = Like kothe, but fried such that the outer skin is golden in colour.
  • C = Short for ‘Chilly momo’, it is steamed (or fried) momo that is dunked in hot, savory sauce 
  • Momocha = Used to describe the atypical masala-flavoured buff-meat filled round momo
  • Sui mai = Open type of momo 
  • Jhol momo = Momo dunked in soup
image

Kothe momo

I have even seen the terrifically-coloured ‘Green momo’. I am not interested to eat it, though. Oh the creativity of people engages me sometimes.

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MOMOMANIA

Whether it be the old grandmother or the bubbly 10 year old boy, everyone loves momos (hold the few special snowflakes who don’t eat anything but imported foie gras or steak tartare perhaps). Whether it be that fancy restaurant or that momo-thela (stall) on the streets, momo is everywhere. Italian restaurant? Oh look, momo! Bakery cafe? Momo! The funny thing is that ‘bakery’ cafe actually holds an annual momo festival in Nepal. In fact, a restaurant’s success and merit is often based on the quality of their momo. The first thing you order in a restaurant? Momo!

Momo is ubiquitous in our daily lives. Whether you like it or hate it, you can’t deny that momo has its own special place in being ‘Nepali’ along with perhaps the song ‘Yo man ta mero Nepali ho’ and the slogan ‘Buddha was born in Nepal’. 

East or west, momo is definitely one of the best things in Nepal.

Song: Rato Ra Chandra Surya – Ambar Gurung

Here is another patriotic song that almost every Nepali knows. This is also one of those ‘old’ songs that did not mention the Monarch in any way, so it is still surviving till this day sung proudly.

This song is so good that I just cannot leave out the Nepali lyrics this time. I had to type it though, as there was none in the internet. Chandra surya literally means ‘Moon-Sun’ but it is meant to be our National Flag, kind of like how the flag of UK is also known as the Union Jack or the flag of US is known as The star-spangled banner.  

You can listen to the song here.

There are various iterations of this song, so you can go over youtube and watch them all.

रातो र चन्द्र सूर्य (rato ra chandra surya) means ‘Red and our Flag’ although ‘Crimson’ is a more accurate name for the shade. (crimson is ‘simrik’ in Nepali)

LYRICS

रातो र चन्द्र सूर्य (rato ra chandra surya)
जङ्गी निशान हाम्रो (jangi nishan hamro)
जिउँदो रगत सरि यो (jiudo ragat sari yo)
बल्दो यो शान हाम्रो (baldo yo shaan hamro)
रातो र चन्द्र सूर्य (rato ra chandra surya)

हिमालझैँ अटल यो (himal`jhai atal yo)
झुकेन यो कहिल्यै (jhukena yo kahilyai)
लत्रेन यो कहिल्यै (latrena yo kahilyai)
जङ्गी निशान हाम्रो (jangi nishan hamro)

यो जन्मदै जगतमा (yo janmadai jagat`ma)
कैयौं प्रहार आए (kayai prahaar aae)
साम्राज्य दुई हारे (saamraajya dui haare)
हारेन शान हाम्रो (harena shaan hamro)
रातो र चन्द्र सूर्य (rato ra chandra surya)

जबसम्म चन्द्र सूर्य (jaba`samma chandra surya)
आकाशमा रहन्छन् (aakash`ma rahancha)
तबसम्म हुन्छ आफ्नै (taba`samma huncha aafnai)
रातो रगत यो हाम्रो (raato ragat yo hamro)

गाई सरि छन् साधु (gai sari chan saadhu)
जो जो यहाँ जगतमा (jo jo yaha jagat`ma)
सबको शरण बलियो (sab`ko sharan baliyo)
जङ्गी निशान हाम्रो (jangi nishan hamro)

रातो र चन्द्र सूर्य (rato ra chandra surya)
जङ्गी निशान हाम्रो (jangi nishan hamro)
जिउँदो रगत सरि यो (jiudo ragat sari yo)
बल्दो यो शान हाम्रो (baldo yo shaan hamro)
रातो र चन्द्र सूर्य (rato ra chandra surya)

MEANING

रातो र चन्द्र सूर्य (rato ra chandra surya)

जङ्गी निशान हाम्रो (jangi nishan hamro)

= Red and the flag (literally: red and the Moon-Sun)

Esteemed mark/symbol of ours


जिउँदो रगत सरि यो (jiudo ragat sari yo)

बल्दो यो शान हाम्रो (baldo yo shaan hamro)

= On an equal footing to live blood 

Unyielding is our dignity

हिमालझैँ अटल यो (himal`jhai atal yo)

झुकेन यो कहिल्यै (jhukena yo kahilyai)

= Firm like the Mountains

It never bowed down to anything

लत्रेन यो कहिल्यै (latrena yo kahilyai)

= Did not get disregarded

यो जन्मदै जगतमा (yo janmadai jagat`ma)

कैयौं प्रहार आए (kayai prahaar aae)

= When it was being born in this ground

Numerous attacks came

साम्राज्य दुई हारे (saamraajya dui haare)

हारेन शान हाम्रो (harena shaan hamro)

= An empire twice defeated (lost)

But our dignity did not lose  

जबसम्म चन्द्र सूर्य (jaba`samma chandra surya)

आकाशमा रहन्छन् (aakash`ma rahancha)

= Till the Sun and the Moon

Remain in the sky


तबसम्म हुन्छ आफ्नै (taba`samma huncha aafnai)

रातो रगत यो हाम्रो (raato ragat yo hamro)

= Until then it will remain ours

This red blood of ours

गाई सरि छन् साधु (gai sari chan saadhu)

जो जो यहाँ जगतमा (jo jo yaha jagat`ma)

= On an equal footing to the cow is the Saint

Whoever on this ground

सबको शरण बलियो (sab`ko sharan baliyo)

= Strong is (this) everyone’s haven

VOCABULARY

जङ्गी (jangi) = Esteemed; Big; Dignified

निशान (nishan) = Mark; Symbol

जिउँदो (jiudo) = Live (rhymes with hive)

सरि (sari) = On an equal footing to; equal to; equivalent to

बल्दो (baldo) = Having strength; Unyielding; Strong

शान (shaan) = Dignity; Pride; Honour; Self-esteem

झैँ (jhai) = Like; As

अटल (atal) = Firm; Unyielding; Unmovable 

झुकेन (jhukena) =  A form of the verb ‘झुक्नु’ (jhuknu) which means ‘To Bow Down/Surrender/Yield to’

कहिल्यै (kahilyai) = Always or never (depends upon the positivity of the verb)

लत्रेन (latrena) =  A form of the verb ‘ लत्रनु’ (latranu) which means ‘To be disregarded; dishonoured; trampled; dragged on’

जगत (jagat) = Ground

कैयौं (kaiyau) = Several; Many

प्रहार (prahaar) = Strike; Assault; Attack

साम्राज्य (saamraajya) = Empire

साधु (saadhu) = Saint; Sage

शरण (sharan) = Shelter; Refuge; Haven

बलियो (baliyo) = Strong

MEANING

This song calls of the unyielding spirit of the Nepali people. The colour Red and the flag are our national and unbroken symbols that represent us. Their worth can only be equated by blood and as such they remain an emblem of dignity and self-respect.

Like the unmoving mountain, it never bowed down to any threat or attack. This meaning, Nepal has always remained sovereign and independent (not bowing down = not being ‘slaves’ or not being colonized). When this country was born in this ground, numerous attacks tried to ruin it and destroy it but Nepal still remained independent. A particular line of remembrance is ‘samrajya dui hare’, referring to the Anglo-Nepalese War. In this war, the British Empire (in the form of British East India Company) mounted an attack against Nepal, in the hopes of an easy win. However, Nepal offered stiff resistance and defeated the British. The British took this by a surprise and mounted a second battle, which ended in a stalemate. Hence, there were ‘two’ battles and the lines says it defeated the ‘Empire twice’. Yet, even when it ended in a treaty we did not have to lose our honour (harena shaan hamro) as Nepal still remained Sovereign.

Until the end of time, we will still retain this sovereignty and integrity with the Red colour and the flag still being our symbols (as in, the flag is still standing there). The last line tells that Nepal is a safe haven on this Earth, with its sovereignty protected that cannot be changed by anything else.

Song: Yo Nepali Sir Uchali – Bhupi Sherchan, Tara Devi

Nepal recently promulgated its constitution and while scrolling through all those feed I noticed this particular song that caught my interest. This is a rather old song, but a patriotic one. I am not a keen fan of the new constitution due to some unaddressed issues but nonetheless it is a breath of relief for many people. 

Anyway, the song I am presenting now is called ‘Yo Nepali Sir Uchali’ which roughly means ‘This Nepali by raising its head’. I like this song very much, feels very nostalgic. 

You can listen to the song here. Remember that the song contains some words which have their schwa retained; this is to make it more melodious.

ENGLISH LYRICS

Yo nepali sir uchali

Sansara ma lamkincha

Junkiri jhai jyoti baali

Andhakar ma chamkincha

Yo nepali sir uchali

Sansara ma lamkincha


Chaye jhukos nilo aakash

Yo nepali jhukdaina

Chaye rukos chiso batash

Yo nepali rukudaina   x2

Junkiri jhai jyoti baali

Andhakar ma chamkincha

Yo nepali sir uchali

Sansara ma lamkincha

Ekaa tira Terai ko 

chare kosi jhadi chha

Arko tira ucha shikhar 

Thul thula Pahadi chha  x2

Junkiri jhai jyoti baali

Andhakar ma chamkincha

Yo nepali sir uchali

Sansara ma lamkincha

Janmai yahi Gautam Buddha

Shanti ka agraduta

Sagarmatha bijay garne

Yehi desh ka hun saputa x2

Junkiri jhai jyoti baali

Andhakar ma chamkincha

Yo nepali sir uchali

Sansara ma lamkincha x4

MEANING

Yo nepali sir uchali

Sansara ma lamkincha

= This Nepali by raising his/her head

Strides in this world

Junkiri jhai jyoti baali

Andhakar ma chamkincha

= Like (how) the firefly by lighting up light

Shines throughout the dark

Chaye jhukos nilo aakash

Yo nepali jhukdaina

= The blue sky may bow down

But this Nepali won’t

Chaye rukos chiso batash

Yo nepali rukudaina   

= The cold wind may halt

But this Nepali won’t

Eka tira tarai ko

chare kosi jhadi chha

= Towards one side of Terai

There is Chare Kosi Forest

Arko tira ucha shikhar

Thul thula Pahadi chha  

= Towards the other side the high summmits

and big, big hills are there

Janmai yahi Gautam Buddha

Shanti ka agraduta

= Born here was Gautam Buddha

Harbinger of peace 

Sagarmatha bijay garne

Yehi desh ka hun saputa 

= Mt. Everest, the (one that) celebrates victory

Is this country’s good son*

VOCABULARY

sir (शिर) = Head

uchali (उचाली) =  A form of the verb ‘उचाल्नु’ (uchalnu) which means ‘To raise/hoist/lift’

lamkincha (लम्किन्छ) =  A form of the verb ‘ लम्किनु’ (lamkinu) which means ‘To stride/walk/gait’

Junkiri (जुनकिरी) = Firefly

chamkincha (चम्किन्छ) =  A form of the verb ‘चम्किनु’ (chamkinu) which means ‘To shine/glitter’   

jhukos (झुकोस्) = A form of the verb ‘झुक्नु’ (jhuknu) which means ‘To Bow Down/Surrender/Yield to’

jyoti (ज्योति) = Light

ekaa tira (एकातिर) = Towards one side

Char kose jhadi ( चार कोशे झाडी) = A dense forest in Nepal located in the Terai

ucha (उच्च) = Elevated; having great height

agradut (अग्रदूत) = Pioneer; Harbinger 

bijay (विजय) = Victory

saputa (सपुत) = Good son

jhai (झैँ) = Like; as; just like

ANALYSIS

The blue sky may be brought down to its knees but the spirit of the Nepali will not. The cold wind may bow and halt but this Nepali will not. This song speaks of diversity of Nepal, of the green forests to the south to the high mountains to the north. A Nepali will across the world with his/her head held high stride proudly like how a firefly flies across the night sky with its light shining brightly. 

*suputa litreally means ‘Good son’. I am not sure what to call it other than this, though it sounds ‘weird’